From: Gerhard Ehret (gerhard.ehret at dlr.de)
Organization: DLR, Germany

Research Area: WEATHER DYNAMICS

Mission Scenario: Atmospheric Dynamics: PV-streamers and stratospheric intrusions

Distinctive structures in the potential vorticity (PV) field of narrow meridionally-elongated troughs are termed as PV- streamers. Although to their synoptic scale pattern such streamers can possess a wealth of meso-scale structures. PV-streamers that are orographically modified while advecting the mountains can be the source of heavy precipitation. To improve the prediction of such events the linkages between PV-streamers and mountain weather and flow have to be examined in detail. Such PV anomalies can be observed in the water vapor satellite image. Structures seeing during the roll-up of a stratospheric streamer often correspond well with tropopause-level flow structures. Such structures can be observed in satellite water vapor images. For correct interpretation of satellite water vapor images in terms of tropopause structures accurate observations of the two-dimensional water vapor field is necessary.

Flight plan: To investigate stratospheric intrusions the flight plan is to cross the PV-streamer at two, or preferably three different levels some kilometers below the tropopause, right at the tropopause and two or three kilometer above the tropopause in order to measure potential vorticity with in situ aircraft sensors and ozone with high spatial resolution. At the uppermost flight altitude ranging from 40,000 to 50,000 feet MSL a water vapor DIAL looking vertically downwards has to be used to measure the horizontal and vertical structure of the water vapor field with high spatial resolution. The release of dropsondes is desirable in order to obtain sound data for the meteorological background fields. Simultaneous measurement of ozone is desirable since ozone is an indicator of stratospheric air possessing high potential vorticity. The presents of such dry air extending into the troposphere appears as a dark band of the water vapor satellite image. The maximum flight time for this mission amounts to about 3-4 hours in total without ferry. The distance of each flight leg crossing the PV-streamer is about 700 km.

Instrumentation: HIAPER should be equipped with a downward- looking water vapor DIAL capable to measure low water vapor mixing ratios at ppm level. In addition dropsondes and in situ sensors for u,v,w, T, and ozone measurements are necessary.

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