From: D. J. Raymond (raymond at kestrel.nmt.edu)
Organization: New Mexico Tech

Research Area: CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND RADIATION

Mission Scenario: Tropical Stratiform Clouds and Radiation

The ice particles in upper tropospheric stratiform clouds in the tropics play a crucial role in radiative transfer, which affects the overall energy balance of the earth and the strength of large scale tropical atmospheric circulations. However, characterization of the number, type, size, and altitude distribution of such ice particles as a function of the character of the originating deep convection has not been done. Furthermore, questions have arisen about the amount of solar radiation absorbed by these clouds. Causes of apparent absorption anomalies may be related to (1) non-ideal angular distribution of radiation (Steve Cox, personal communication), (2) three-dimensionality of cloudiness, and (3) a previously unknown absorption mechanism.

HIAPER mission: Fly standard and non-standard cloud microphysics and radiation instrumentation at various levels in tropical convective outflows. A possible mission profile would be to launch from Huatulco, Mexico (96W, 16N), fly south to ITCZ cloudiness near 10N where penetrations of stratiform clouds would be made between 15,000 ft and 50,000 ft for several hours. This type of mission would work best if flown in conjunction with an aircraft carrying scanning Doppler radar, such as the NCAR Electra with Eldora, or a NOAA WP-3D. This way the convection producing the stratiform cloudiness could be simultaneously documented. Non-standard instrumentation would include the Lawson cloud particle imager, Doppler cloud radar (downward pointing), vertically pointing lidar, and instruments on the top and bottom of the aircraft to measure the angular distribution of shortwave radiation. The standard wind and thermodynamics measurements would be needed, including the cryogenic frostpoint instrument. In addition, standard cloud particle detectors and radiation instruments would be required. In addition to documenting the ice particle populations, such a mission may be able to resolve the ``anomalous absorption'' issue.

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